Core Apache Spark Concepts
- Resilient Distributed Dataset (RDD)
- DataFrames
- Datasets
- Transformations
- Actions
- Lazy Evaluation
- SparkSession
- SparkContext
- Partitions
- Shuffling
- Persistence & Caching
- Lineage Graphs
- Jobs
- Stages
- Tasks
Apache Spark
- Apache Spark: Big Data Processing & Analytics
- Spark DataFrames: Features, Use Cases & Optimization for Big Data
- Spark Architecture
- Dataframe create from file
- Dataframe Pyspark create from collections
- Spark Dataframe save as csv
- Dataframe save as parquet
- Dataframe show() between take() methods
- Apache SparkSession
- Understanding the RDD of Apache Spark
- Spark RDD creation from collection
- Different method to print data from rdd
- Practical use of unionByName method
- Creating Spark DataFrames: Methods & Examples
- Setup Spark in PyCharm
- Apache Spark all APIs
- Spark for the word count program
- Spark Accumulators
- aggregateByKey in Apache Spark
- Spark Broadcast with Examples
- Spark combineByKey
- Apache Spark Using countByKey
- Spark CrossJoin know all
- Optimizing Spark groupByKey: Usage, Best Practices, and Examples
- Mastering Spark Joins: Inner, Outer, Left, Right & Semi Joins Explained
- Apache Spark: Local Mode vs Cluster Mode - Key Differences & Examples
- Spark map vs flatMap: Key Differences with Examples
- Efficient Data Processing with Spark mapPartitionsWithIndex
- Spark reduceByKey with 5 Real-World Examples
- Spark Union vs UnionAll vs Union Available – Key Differences & Examples
Explaining Spark Architecture
Apache Spark’s architecture is designed to overcome the limitations of the Hadoop MapReduce model, providing a faster and more flexible approach to data processing. It offers a variety of libraries and APIs, making it suitable for various data processing tasks, including batch processing, real-time data streaming, machine learning, and graph processing.
Spark Cluster Manager
The core of Spark’s architecture is the Cluster Manager, a critical component responsible for the efficient allocation of resources and the precise scheduling of tasks across the entire cluster. This pivotal role ensures that Spark can seamlessly distribute and process data-intensive workloads with precision and speed. Spark’s architecture offers flexibility by supporting various cluster managers, each tailored to different use cases and environments. Notably, Spark accommodates Apache Mesos, Hadoop YARN, and features its own built-in cluster manager, allowing users to choose the one that best suits their specific needs and infrastructure.
Driver Program
Driver Program serves as a pivotal component of a Spark application. It functions as both the entry point and control center for the entire application, taking charge of initiating the execution of Spark jobs, coordinating tasks, and managing the overall flow of the application.
The driver program in Spark has a multitude of crucial responsibilities and functions:
- Job Submission
- Task Scheduling
- Data Distribution
- Fault Tolerance
- Job Progress Tracking
- Resource Management
- Result Collection
Worker Nodes
Worker nodes is a fundamental component within a Spark cluster. Worker nodes play a vital role in executing tasks, processing data, and carrying out various computations as part of the distributed data processing framework provided by Spark. Some key aspects and functions of worker nodes in Spark such as Task Execution,Resource Allocation,Data Storage,Fault Tolerance and Data Shuffling.worker nodes are the workhorses of a Spark cluster, responsible for executing tasks, storing data, and ensuring the parallel processing that makes Spark a high-performance data processing engine.
Executor
Each executor is endowed with its dedicated allocation of CPU cores and memory resources within the cluster. This allocation can be finely tuned to align with the precise requirements of the Spark application. Furthermore, executors have the capability to store intermediate data in memory, a feature that markedly enhances the speed of data access. This in-memory data storage not only boosts performance but also diminishes the necessity to write data to disk, a time-consuming process.
Ensuring fault tolerance is a cornerstone of Spark’s design, and executors actively contribute to this aspect. In cases where a task executed by an executor encounters an issue or failure, Spark’s robust design enables the reassignment of the task to an alternative available executor. This redundancy ensures that the progress of the job remains uninterrupted, regardless of transient failures.
Moreover, executors adeptly manage data shuffling tasks, an essential function, especially for operations such as data grouping and joining. In essence, executors function as the workhorses within a Spark cluster, underpinning the high-performance parallel processing for which Spark is celebrated.
Spark Core
The Spark Core is the foundation of the Spark architecture. It provides essential functionalities, including task scheduling, memory management, fault recovery, and interaction with storage systems. Spark Core also introduces the concept of Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs), which are immutable distributed collections of data that can be processed in parallel.
Spark SQL
Spark SQL is Spark’s interface for working with structured and semi-structured data. It enables users to execute SQL queries, combining the benefits of SQL with the power of Spark. With Spark SQL, you can seamlessly query data stored in various formats, such as Parquet, Avro, ORC, and JSON.
Spark Streaming
Spark Streaming is an extension of the core Spark API that allows real-time data processing. It ingests data in mini-batches, making it suitable for applications requiring real-time analytics. Spark Streaming can process data from various sources, such as Kafka, Flume, and HDFS.
Spark MLlib
Spark MLlib is Spark’s machine learning library, providing a wide range of machine learning algorithms and tools. It simplifies the process of building, training, and deploying machine learning models, making it a valuable component of the Spark architecture for data scientists and analysts.
Spark GraphX
Spark GraphX is a graph computation library that enables graph-based data processing and analysis. It is suitable for tasks like social network analysis, recommendation systems, and graph algorithms. Spark GraphX extends the Spark RDD API to support graph operations.
Spark Execution Model
The Spark execution model is designed for parallel and distributed data processing. It introduces the concept of Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs), which are the fundamental data structure in Spark.
Resilient Distributed Datasets (RDDs)
RDDs are immutable distributed collections of data that can be processed in parallel. They are fault-tolerant, meaning they can recover from node failures. RDDs support two types of operations: transformations (which create a new RDD) and actions (which return values to the driver program or write data to external storage).
DataFrames
DataFrames are another core concept in Spark’s execution model. They are a distributed collection of data organized into named columns, providing optimizations for Spark SQL. DataFrames offer a more structured and efficient way to work with data.
The architecture of Apache Spark is a well-thought-out framework designed to tackle the challenges of big data processing. It encompasses various components, each serving a specific purpose, from distributed data processing to machine learning and graph analysis. Understanding Spark’s architecture is crucial for harnessing its full potential in data-driven projects.