Key differences between List and Arrays

1. Data Types:

   <ul>
   	<li>Lists can hold elements of different data types. For example, a list can contain integers, strings, and even other lists as its elements.</li>
   	<li>Arrays, on the other hand, are designed to store elements of the same data type. They are more suitable for numerical computations and working with homogeneous data.</li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
   <p><strong>Mutability:</strong></p>
   
   <ul>
   	<li>Lists are mutable, which means you can add, remove, or modify elements after the list is created.</li>
   	<li>Arrays can be mutable or immutable, depending on the library used. The built-in array module in Python provides mutable arrays, while NumPy provides both mutable and immutable arrays.</li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
   <p><strong>Performance:</strong></p>
   
   <ul>
   	<li>Lists are generally slower for numerical computations due to their flexibility in handling different data types.</li>
   	<li>Arrays, especially NumPy arrays, are designed for efficient numerical operations, making them faster and more memory-efficient for large datasets.</li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
   <p><strong>Functionality:</strong></p>
   
   <ul>
   	<li>Lists offer a wide range of built-in methods for manipulation, such as append(), remove(), and sort().</li>
   	<li>Arrays, particularly NumPy arrays, provide extensive mathematical functions and operations, such as element-wise operations, matrix operations, and statistical functions.</li>
   </ul>
   </li>
   <li>
   <p><strong>Library Dependency:</strong></p>
   
   <ul>
   	<li>Lists are a built-in data type in Python and do not require any external libraries.</li>
   	<li>Arrays, specifically NumPy arrays, require the NumPy library to be used effectively.</li>
   </ul>
   </li>

import array

def differentiate_array_and_list():
    # Create a list and an array with the same elements
    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
    my_array = array.array('i', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

    # Print the original list and array
    print("Original List:", my_list)
    print("Original Array:", my_array)

    # Difference 1: Data Types
    # Lists can hold elements of different data types
    my_list.append("string")
    # Arrays are designed for elements of the same data type, so adding a string will raise an error
    try:
        my_array.append("string")
    except Exception as e:
        print("Error:", e)

    # Difference 2: Mutability
    # Lists are mutable, so we can change their elements after creation
    my_list[2] = 100
    print("Modified List:", my_list)
    # Arrays can be mutable or immutable, but in the array module, they are mutable
    my_array[2] = 100
    print("Modified Array:", my_array)

    # Difference 3: Performance
    # Lists are slower for numerical computations due to their flexibility
    list_sum = sum(my_list)
    print("List Sum:", list_sum)
    # Arrays, especially NumPy arrays, are faster for numerical computations
    array_sum = sum(my_array)
    print("Array Sum:", array_sum)

    # Difference 4: Functionality
    # Lists have various built-in methods for manipulation
    my_list.reverse()
    print("Reversed List:", my_list)
    # Arrays have fewer built-in methods, as they are more focused on numerical operations

    # Difference 5: Library Dependency
    # Lists are a built-in data type in Python, so they don't require external libraries
    # Arrays, particularly NumPy arrays, require the NumPy library to be used effectively

if __name__ == "__main__":
    differentiate_array_and_list()